Four Partial Schedules of Reinforcement

Ration Schedules

*Fixed Ratio: Reinforcement occurs after a predetermined set of responses the ratio is fixed

The response rate produces a high rate of response, but a brief Drop off.

*Example: a car wash employee receives $10 for every 3 cars washed.

*Variable Ratio: Reinforcement occurs unpredictably the ratio varies.

It produces a high response rate and no pause after reinforcement. Very resistant to extinction.

*Example: Slot Machines are designed to pay out after an average number of responses.

Interval Schedules

*Fixed Interval: Reinforcement occurs after a predetermined time has elapsed so the interval or time is fixed.

The response tends to increase as the time for the next reinforcer is near but drop off after reinforcement and during interval.

*Example: You receive a monthly paycheck

*Variable Interval: Reinforcement occurs unpredictably the interval varies

The response is relatively low but steady.

*Example: In class with pop quizzes you study at a slow but steady rate because you cannot anticipate the next quiz.